Acute hospital trust catchment populations

Acute hospital trust catchment populations
PHE v1.1 May 2020

• A tool using Microsoft Power BI which models estimates of catchment populations for hospital provider trusts in England. Users can select a trust or a region they are interested in and then throughout the dashboard, additional options may be available such as admission type and year 
• Further details on methodology can be found on the first and last pages of the dashboard, or on the PHE National Health Intelligence KHub site (registration required), where the dashboard has a wiki page.

What does improving population health really mean?

What does improving population health really mean? 
Kings Fund 29 March 2019

• A discussion of the four pillars of population health: the wider determinants of health, our health behaviours and lifestyles, an integrated health and care system and the places/communities we live in and with.

Kings Fund definition:

• "An approach aimed at improving the health of an entire population. It is about improving the physical and mental health outcomes and wellbeing of people within and across a defined local, regional or national population, while reducing health inequalities. It includes action to reduce the occurrence of ill health, action to deliver appropriate health and care services and action on the wider determinants of health. It requires working with communities and partner agencies."

Suicide Prevention Profile

Suicide Prevention Profile
PHE updated February 2019

• The Suicide Prevention Profile has been produced to help develop understanding at a local level and support an intelligence driven approach to suicide prevention. It collates and presents a range of publically available data on suicide, associated prevalence, risk factors, and service contact among groups at increased risk. 
• This update contains new data on female age-specific suicide rates by STP.

Birth characteristics in England and Wales: 2017

Birth characteristics in England and Wales: 2017
ONS 10 January 2019

• Analysis and data on annual birth statistics, including birthweight, gestation, age of mother, ethnicity, place of birth (including Home), multiple births and stillbirths. Summary birth statistics for the UK by area of usual residence are also included

Living longer - how our population is changing and why it matters

Living longer - how our population is changing and why it matters
ONS 13 August 2018

• Overview of population ageing in the UK and some of the implications for the economy, public services, society and the individual.

Poverty in the UK: statistics

Poverty in the UK: statistics
House of Commons Library Research briefing 20 February 2018

• Information on the levels and rates of poverty in the UK, including historical trends and forecasts for future years.

The effects of environmental factors on the efficiency of CCGs

The Effects of Environmental Factors on the Efficiency of Clinical Commissioning Groups in England: A Data Envelopment Analysis
Journal of Medical Systems 2017, 41:97

• The performance of CCGs may also be confounded by environmental factors such as deprivation, population size and burden of disease. This study estimates the technical efficiency of 208 CCGs in England using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a linear programming technique that can be used to measure the relative efficiency of a given set of organisations. 
• The inputs and outputs used include budget allocation, number of general practitioners, mortality rates, patient satisfaction and QOF scores. 
• Three environmental factors were statistically significant predictors of efficiency: CCGs with smaller population sizes were more efficient than those with larger ones, while high unemployment rates and a high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease led to a decrease in efficiency scores. 
• Comparative deprivation was not a significant predictor of efficiency.

Health care costs in the English NHS

Health care costs in the English NHS: reference tables for average annual NHS spend by age, sex and deprivation group
Centre for Health Economics Research Paper 147, University of York, 22 April 2017

• This paper describes how to calculate average health care costs broken down by age, sex and neighbourhood deprivation quintile group using the distribution of health care spending by the English NHS in the financial year 2011/12. 
• The results can be used to estimate future health care costs.

Health and wellbeing in rural areas

Health and wellbeing in rural areas
LGA and PHE 6 March 2017

• A discussion of the sociodemographic, economic and health issues affecting people in rural communities. Includes a number of case studies.

Defining and measuring unmet need to guide healthcare funding

Defining and measuring unmet need to guide healthcare funding: identifying and filling the gaps
Centre for Health Economics, University of York, January 2017

• This article describes a literature review which aims to understand the available evidence regarding unmet need. 
• The research developed a conceptual framework for what constitutes ideal evidence that; defines unmet need for a given population, indicates how that need can be met by health care, establishes the barriers to meeting need and provides relevant proxies based on observable measures.
• The review found that the literature was strongest in defining need but weakest in regard to establishing observable proxies of need capable of being used in budget allocations.

Health & Wellbeing Index supporting place based approaches

Growing healthy communities: Health and Wellbeing Index, Place Analytics insight
Grant Thornton, 10 November 2015

• The purpose of this report is to help stakeholders (NHS providers and CCGs), local authorities, health and social care providers, housing associations, fire authorities and the police) to develop a place-based approach to understanding the correlation between the economic, social and environmental health determinants and health outcomes within their locality.
• The report presents an index based on league tables that assess 33 key health determinants and outcomes for the 324 local authorities to provide a coherent national story on health and wellbeing for England. 
• The data draws on proprietary data including composite measures and scores relating to occupations, unemployment, deprivation, quality of life and natural environment.
• A correlation assessment of the health determinants measured and the outcomes shows that the determinants that most influence health outcomes are tackling child poverty, deprivation, unemployment, childhood education and social cohesion.

NHS costs - variation by age and population

Public hospital spending in England: evidence from National Health Service administrative records

Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS Working Paper W15/21, August 2015

• Analysis of administrative NHS hospital records found that costs per person start to increase after age 50 and escalate after age 70. 
• Spending is highly concentrated in a small section of the population: with 32% of all hospital spending accounted for by 1% of the general population, and 18% of spending by 1% of all patients. 
• There is persistence in spending over time with patients with high spending more likely to have spending in subsequent years, and those with zero expenditures more likely to remain out of hospital.
• The paper includes a description of the financial mechanisms used across the NHS.
• Note - UK pounds have been converted to US dollars throughout the paper.

Understanding your disabled population through data

Making Disability Data Work for You: A Community Data Toolkit 
Department for Work and Pensions, September 2014

• Part 1- how to find and use existing data that has been published at national, regional and local (LA) levels, and how to use it.
• The eight main themes are Disability, Education, Employment, Income, Health and Wellbeing, Transport, Housing, and other disability data. Under each section there are links to key data sources.
• Annex A - A summary of the datasets described in the report 
• Annex C - describes key types of data, their advantages and disadvantages.
• Part 2 - a basic guide to conducting social research to obtain data that is not available elsewhere.

The health of older people in numbers

Focus on the Health and Care of Older People
HSCIC, 26 June 2014

• This report provides a compilation of information on older people living in England to give a broad picture of their health, care and wellbeing. It pulls together data on hospital activity, mental health, social care, prescribing, NHS workforce, census data and life expectancy.
• The report addressed the following questions:
• Are older people living longer, healthier lives? 
• What disabilities and illnesses do older people have? 
• What services do older people use? 
• What are the resources used to care for older people? 
• What are the common causes of death in older people? 
• Datatables includes:
• Census populations England 1951 to 2011 
• Population projections - England 2021 to 2051 
• Ethnicity of the older population - England Census 2011 
• Geographic variation in the older population, England Census 2011 
• Life expectancy in England 1980-1982 to 2010-2012 
• Disability free life expectancy at age 65, England 2008-10 
• General Health: Health Survey for England 2012 
• Body Mass Index: Health Survey for England 2012 
• Diabetes: Health Survey for England 2003 - 2012 
• Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF): Dementia Prevalence and total list size, England 
• Cardiovascular disease: Health Survey for England 2003-2011 
• Cancers. Incidence of newly diagnosed cancer per 100,000 population by age and sex, England 2011 
• Social care use - England 2012/13 
• Prescribing, England 2013 
• People in contact with adult and older adult secondary mental health services in England 2012/13 
• 2012/13 Population accessing a hospital service by age and type of service 
• 2012/13 Hopsital Admissions by Admission Type 
• Hospital Services: FCE Bed days and Day Cases 1992/93 to 2012/13 
• Hospital and Community Health Services (HCHS) Staffing : medical staff in selected specialties - England 1993 to 2013 
• Common Causes of Death in Older People 2012 

Managing an ageing population

The generation strain: Collective solutions to care in an ageing society
IPPR, 24 April 2014

• "We need to transform our understanding of what ‘social care’ is in order to help people live decent lives, to put in place the right building blocks to prepare for an ageing population, and to reduce future demand for care."
• A discussion of how society can support the growing elderly population through ‘build’ and ‘adapt’: to build new community institutions capable of sustaining us through the changes ahead and to adapt the social structures already in place, such as family caring, public services, workplaces and neighbourhoods.

CCG allocation growth projections

The CCG Allocation Growth Projections 2016/17 to 2018/19

• This guidance sets out high level planning assumptions that CCGs can use when considering how to project growth in allocations in years 3 to 5 of the planning period.
• Indicative growth, financial and population projections.
• A letter regarding allocation growth assumptions to support strategic planning has been sent to CCGs.

CCG classification groups

CCG Classification Groups
YHPHO, 1 July 2013

• This classification groups CCGs into 5 categories with similar populations.  It is based on statistical cluster analysis that assess the characteristics of the population of the CCG including  age structure, the population from Black and Asian ethnic groups, population density and deprivation, and places them in groups in the best combination.  
• All data except the deprivation scores are taken from the 2011 Census.  Deprivation scores are based on the Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2010.
• The groups are as follows:
• Purple - An older population living in rural areas and low deprivation levels 
• Blue - A very young population with a high proportion of the population from Black and Asian ethnic groups and high levels of deprivation.
• Green A younger population with a high proportion of the population from Black and Asian ethnic groups and moderate levels of deprivation
• Yellow - A younger population with a higher than average proportion of the population from Black and Asian ethnic groups and moderate levels of deprivation.
• Orange - A population with an average age structure, average deprivation levels and a low population density. 
• Milton Keynes CCG is in the Yellow group.

Looking at our population - MK 2011 census data

Milton Keynes Census data 2011
Mk Observatory, 23 March 2013

• A range of 2011 census data of Milton Keynes population is available on the MKI Observatory – including age profiles and profiles of different localities. 
• More data analyses will be published over the next few months.

Effect of an aging population on public services

The Impact of Demographic Change on Public Services 
International Longevity Centre, 10 October 2012

• An analysis of how the ageing population will affect public services and the relationship between people and the state, including the need to invest more in preventative health across the life-course and the likely impact of the cost of dementia.

Wellbeing - what is it?

Well-being evidence for policy: A review 
New Economics Foundation, April 2012

• An introduction to the state of current knowledge around wellbeing to support policy makers. 
• Policy areas which have been identified include: the economy, social relationships and community, health, the local environment, education and care.